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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink">可变参数</strong></td></tr>
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<p>变参数函数是能以不同数目参数调用的函数。
</p><p>只有新式（原型）<a href="function_declaration.html" title="c/language/function declaration">函数声明</a>可以为变长参数的。它必须通过出现在参数列表最后的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">...</span></span> 形式的参数指定，且至少跟随一个具名参数。
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co1">//新式声明</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> printx<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> fmt, ...<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 此方法声明的函数</span>
printx<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"hello world"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 可能会以一个</span>
printx<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"a=%d b=%d"</span>, a, b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 或更多参数调用</span>
 
<span class="co1">// int printy(..., const char* fmt); // 错误： ... 必须在最后</span>
<span class="co1">// int printz(...); // 错误： ... 必须跟随至少一个具名参数</span></pre></div></div>
<p>在<a href="operator_other.html#.E5.87.BD.E6.95.B0.E8.B0.83.E7.94.A8" title="c/language/operator other">函数调用</a>中，每个属于变长参数列表一部分的参数会经历名为<a href="conversion.html#.E9.BB.98.E8.AE.A4.E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0.E6.8F.90.E5.8D.87" title="c/language/conversion">默认参数提升</a>的隐式转换。
</p><p>在函数体内使用变长参数时，这些参数的值必须用 <a href="../variadic.html" title="c/variadic">&lt;stdarg.h&gt; 库工具</a>访问：
</p>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>定义于头文件 <code>&lt;stdarg.h&gt;</code> </div>
</td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../variadic/va_start.html" title="c/variadic/va start"> <span class="t-lines"><span>va_start</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   令函数得以访问可变参数 <br> <span class="t-mark">(宏函数)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../variadic/va_arg.html" title="c/variadic/va arg"> <span class="t-lines"><span>va_arg</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   访问下一个函数可变参数 <br> <span class="t-mark">(宏函数)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../variadic/va_copy.html" title="c/variadic/va copy"> <span class="t-lines"><span>va_copy</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td>   创造函数可变参数的副本  <br> <span class="t-mark">(宏函数)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../variadic/va_end.html" title="c/variadic/va end"> <span class="t-lines"><span>va_end</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   结束函数可变参数的行程 <br> <span class="t-mark">(宏函数)</span> </td></tr>

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="../variadic/va_list.html" title="c/variadic/va list"> <span class="t-lines"><span>va_list</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td>   保有 va_start 、 va_arg 、 va_end 及 va_copy 所需信息 <br> <span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span> </td></tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
<p>虽然旧式（无原型）<a href="function_declaration.html" title="c/language/function declaration">函数声明</a>允许后继的函数调用使用任意参数，它们也不允许是变长参数（ C89 起）。这种函数的定义必须指定固定数目的参数，并且不能使用 <code>stdarg.h</code> 中的宏。
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co1">//旧式声明</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> printx<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 此方式定义的函数</span>
printx<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"hello world"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 可以以一个</span>
printx<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"a=%d b=%d"</span>, a, b<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 或更多参数调用</span>
<span class="co1">// 上述调用行为至少有一个是未定义的，取决于函数定义所接收的参数数</span></pre></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">运行此代码</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;time.h&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">void</span> tlog<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">*</span> fmt,...<span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="kw4">char</span> msg<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">50</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../chrono/strftime.html"><span class="kw517">strftime</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>msg, <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> msg, <span class="st0">"%T"</span>, <a href="../chrono/localtime.html"><span class="kw520">localtime</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy3">&amp;</span><span class="br0">(</span><a href="../chrono/time_t.html"><span class="kw524">time_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">{</span><a href="../chrono/time.html"><span class="kw513">time</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="../types/NULL.html"><span class="kw103">NULL</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">}</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"[%s] "</span>, msg<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    va_list args<span class="sy4">;</span>
    va_start<span class="br0">(</span>args, fmt<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/vfprintf.html"><span class="kw855">vprintf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>fmt, args<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    va_end<span class="br0">(</span>args<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
   tlog<span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"logging %d %d %d...<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="nu0">1</span>, <span class="nu0">2</span>, <span class="nu0">3</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>输出：
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">[10:21:38] logging 1 2 3...</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.7.6.3/9 Function declarators (including prototypes) (p: 133)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.16 Variable arguments &lt;stdarg.h&gt; (p: 269-272)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.7.5.3/9 Function declarators (including prototypes) (p: 119)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.15 Variable arguments &lt;stdarg.h&gt; (p: 249-252)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 3.5.4.3/5 Function declarators (including prototypes) 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 4.8 VARIABLE ARGUMENTS &lt;stdarg.h&gt; 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table></div>
</div>

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